1. Dialogue completion
1． 语言功能类命题：
1）特点
此类题目与语境无多大的联系
题目多出在第二个人的对话中，且第一句话多是问句。
在陈述句的情况下，多是要表示安慰、恭维或评论
2）难点
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句的回答
回答感谢或道歉、接受或拒绝请求的方法
如何安慰、评论(同意或反对)、恭维
特定特殊疑问句的含义
回答要紧扣对话主题
3）解题技巧
合作原则（要回答问题，不能不知道）
相关原则（答案要和对话内容符合，切忌所答非所问。）
固定原则（惯用表达形式）
2．语境命题
1) 特点: 特定语境的习惯表达(如何接电话、如何点餐、如何付款、如何交罚单等)
2) 难点: 考生不熟悉特定语境的特定表达
一、习惯应答类
许多情景会话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见交流话题均有其较为固定的套语。感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目,我们要紧紧遵循他们的习惯进行解答。如:
- Waiter!
-________
- I can't eat this. It's too salty.
A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?
1.常用于感谢的应答用语有:
You are welcome. Don't mention it. It is my pleasure(My pleasure). Not at all. That's all right. I'm glad / happy that... I'm glad you like/ enjoy it.等等。
- Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.
-________.
A. No thanks B. I'm glad you like it C. Please don't say so D. No, it's not so good
- It's been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
-________.
A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It's OK
2.常用于道歉的应答用语有:Never mind. It doesn't matter. Not at all. That's all right. That is nothing.等等。
- I'm sorry I broke your mirror.
-Oh, really? ________.
A. It's OK with me B. It doesn't matter C. Don't be sorry D. I don't care
- Sorry, I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day.
- ________.
A. I don't know thatB. That's all rightC. Yes, we'll have another party D. No, the party wasn't held
3.常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有:Good luck!Best wishes to you. Have a nice time. Wish you a pleasant journey/ success. Congratulations!Happy Christmas! Happy birthday to you.等等。
而应答用语常有:Thank you. The same to you. You too.等等。
- I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.
-________!
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
4.接受请求和邀请的应答用语有:With pleasure. I'd be happy/ glad to. Yes, help yourself. No problem. Good idea.等。拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有:Sorry, but... I'd rather you... Thank you, but... No way.等等。
- Would you do me a favour and give me a ride?
-________.
A. Yes, that's right B. No trouble C. Never mind D. With pleasure
- What about having a drink?
-________.
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead , please D. Me, too
- I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
-________.
A. Oh, no. Let's not B. I'd rather stay at home
C. I'm very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble
- I wonder if I could use your telephone.
-________.
A. I wonder howB. I don't wonderC. Sorry, it's out of orderD. No wonder, here it is
- I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?
-________.
A. That's fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem
-I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
-________. It was her fault.
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all
5.其它习惯应答用语
-Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?
-Yes. ________.
A. My name's Zhao Hao B. I'm Zhao Hua
C. This is Zhao Hua speaking D. Zhao Hua's me
- Let me introduce myself, I'm Albert.
-________.
A. What a pleasure B. It's my pleasure C. Pleased to meet you D. I'm very pleased
二、破交流定势类
汉语和英语在文化方面有许多共同之处,但也存在着诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维,避免母语交流定势的干扰,要根据英语的文化交流习惯来应答。如,当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美时,习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话。而英美人则不同,总是先接受对方的夸奖,再表示谢意。例如:
- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.
-________.
A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well
B. I'm glad you enjoyed it
C. Come again when you are free
D. It's not necessary for you to say so
- Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
-________. You look well, too.
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all
- My daughter has passed the exam.
- Congratulations! She's really intelligent.
-________.
A. No, she is nothing B. Oh, thank you
C. Sometimes she is intelligent D. You are right
三、语言结构类
这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确的语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法居多。如说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时,可以说:Yes, I think / suppose / believe so.或Yes, I'm afraid so.如对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度,则说:No, I don't think / suppose so.或No, I don't believe so.或No, I believe/ suppose not.或No, I hope not.或No, I am afraid not.又如, "Do you mind...?"常用于表达请求对方允许。如果同意,则用"No, go ahead."或"No, of course not."或"No, not at all."等来回答;如果不同意,可用"I'm sorry I do."来回答。例如:
-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
- Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
-________.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
2. Dialogue comprehension
一、命题特点
1． 理解说话人的意图和对话含义
1) 肯否问题（功能，重点在交界处）
一般疑问句肯否
接受或拒绝建议、帮忙、邀请等（can you… would you…）
肯定句的肯否（事实的同意与否）
特殊疑问句态度的褒贬
2) 将要如何做（主题语言，重点在后者）
提建议的内容
特殊疑问句和回答的内容
选择疑问句的回答的内容
2． 能理解会话的情景及人物关系
1) 特定语境的特定词汇
3． 能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法
二、知识储备及典型例题
1． 理解说话人的意图和对话含义
1) 肯否问题
这种题型是根据对话的功能在提问，常用的提问方式有：
What can we infer from the dialogue? What does the conversation imply?
What does it suggest? What can we learn about the woman or man?
这种问题重在第二个人的态度，而且肯定和否定一般采取简介的方式，所以对话结合部为阅读的重点。主要有以下几种情况：
l 一般疑问句的回答（肯否）（带条件）
1. Man: Hello. This is Mark Smith. I'm calling to see if my blood test results are in.
Woman: Dr. Miller just sent them to the lab last night, so the earliest they could be back tomorrow.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. The results might be ready tomorrow. B. The man needs another test tomorrow.
C. The results were called in last night. D. The doctor called the lab last night.
2. Man: I bought this fish to cook for my dinner tonight, but it doesn't look all that fresh to me now. Would you say it's still all right to eat?
Woman: Let's take a look... Oh, if I were you, I wouldn't even think of it.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. She forgot to buy some fish B. The man shouldn't eat the fish.
C. The fish is safe to eat. D. The food shouldn't be reheated.
l 接受或不接受前者的邀请、建议、帮忙等（带条件）
1. Man: Would you like to go to the movies with Anne and me on Friday?
Woman: I wish I could, but I'm having dinner at my brother's.
Question: What will the woman do on Friday?
A. Go to the movies with the man. B. Take her brother to the movies.
C. Eat at her brother's. D. Cook dinner with Anne.
2. Man: Need a hand with those boxes?
Woman: That's OK, I can manage. They're empty.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. The man should have offered his assistance earlier. B. She doesn't need the man's help.
C. She didn't realize the boxes were empty. D. She wants the man to move the boxes.
l 陈述句的肯否（事实的同意与否定）
1. Man: My roommate and I have decided to do our own cooking next semester.
Woman: Then, I hope you'll have a lighter schedule than this term.
Question: What problem does the woman think the man may have?
A. He may not have enough time to cook.
B. He may spend more money on food next semester.
C. He may gain weight if he does his own cooking.
D. He may not enjoy cooking.
2. Man: I've figured it all out. It looks like it'll take us about six hours to drive from here to Chicago.
Woman: It'd be more relaxing to take the train. But, I guess we should watch our expenses.
Question: What does the woman imply?
A. She likes to drive when she travels. B. She doesn't want to go to Chicago.
C. She doesn't know how much the train trip will cost.
D. It's cheaper to go to Chicago by car.
l 特殊疑问句态度的褒贬
1. Woman: So, how are you getting along with Jane's cat?
Man: Well, she never comes when I call her, she spills her food, and she sheds all over the place. I can't wait till Jane gets back.
Question: What does the man imply?
A. The cat is a lot of trouble. B. The cat is quite friendly.
C. He doesn't get along with Jane. D. He's glad Jane gave him the cat.
2. Woman: You know, some TV channels have been running a lot of comedies from the sixties. What do you think of those old shows?
Man: Not much. But then, the new ones aren't so great either.
Question: What does the man mean?
A. He no longer watches much television.
B. He prefers the comedies from the sixties.
C. Television comedies haven't improved since the sixties.
D. He hasn't seen many of the old shows.
2) 将要如何做
此类题目的提问方式多为: What will the woman or man do? 重点在第二个人的回答上。通常第二个人的回答会出现较难的词组或成语。这是一种语言类的考题。
l 选择疑问句（二者选一）
1. Woman: Do you want the windows open or closed?
Man: I almost always prefer fresh air, if possible.
Question: What does the man imply?
A. He'd like to have the windows open. B. He rarely leaves the windows open.
C. He thinks the air is polluted. D. He'll help her close the windows.
l 提出建议（问建议的内容）
1. Man: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely frustrated. I can't for the life of mine figuring out when my bus to Cleveland leaves.
Woman: Why don't you just go up to the ticket window and ask?
Question: What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Try to get a seat next to the window.
B. Find another passenger going to Cleveland.
C. Ask for information about the departure time.
D. Find out if there are any seats left on the bus.
l 特殊疑问句（回答主体的内容）
1. Woman: The floor is awfully wet. What happened?
Man: No sooner had I gotten into the shower than the phone rang.
Question: What does the man imply?
A. He got out of the shower to answer the phone.
B. He didn't hear the phone ringing.
C. There's something wrong with the shower.
D. He took a shower earlier than usual.
l 肯定句的恭维、安慰、解释原因等
1. Man: Pam, I don't understand the problem. You've known for months this report was due today.
Woman: I know ... but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data was harder to interpret than I thought it would be.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A. She forgot when the report was due. B. She'd like the man to help her with the report.
C. She needs more time to finish the report. D. She hasn't included any data in her report.
2． 能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法
1. Woman: Where were you last night?
Man: I went to the horse races.
Woman: How did you do?
Man: I broke even.
Question: What does the man mean?
(A) He won as much money as he lost.
(B) His car broke down before he got there.
(C) He lost all of his money.
(D) He left halfway through the race.
2. Man: It seems to me that you're getting on well with your neighbors.
Woman: We really hit it off. Our neighbors are incredibly outgoing and hospitable.
Question: What do we learn about the relationship between the woman and her neighbors?
A. She often goes out with her neighbors.
B. She thinks that her neighbors are trustworthy.
C. She thinks that her neighbors are very friendly.
D. She has much in common with her neighbors.
3. Man: Jenny, why do you often watch talk shows?
Woman: They make me laugh and sometimes crack me up, and I have learned a lot from their talks.
Question: Why does the woman like watching talk shows?
A. They are amusing and instructive. B. They are popular and interesting.
C. They are ridiculous and boring. D. They are uninteresting and outdated.
4. Woman. You came home just to lie on the couch and fix your eyes on the box.
Man: Yon said it. For years it's been everyone's little dirty secret about TV watching.
But I'll "come out of the closet", and claim it loud that I am a "tuber and proud".
Question: What can we learn from this conversation?
A. Watching TV does harm to people's health.
B. Everyone likes watching TV and likes to confess to it.
C. People claim openly that they like watching TV.
D. The man claims openly that he likes watching TV.